Surveying Articles

Posted: September 06, 2012 By Azhar Shahzad Comments

Electronic Distance Measurement (EDM) - History...

History of Electronic Distance Measurement In surveying distance measurements were always a challenge for surveyors specially when long distances were to be measured with high accuracy. In 1950 scientist tried to calculate the...

Posted: August 22, 2012 By Azhar Shahzad Comments

Global Positioning System - Importance in Civil...

Object This System provides us with accurate horizontal and vertical measurements and gives us the position of observer in terms of Latitude and Longitude. Advantages This system is fast replacing with conventional methods of...

Posted: November 02, 2011 By Azhar Shahzad Comments

Types of Meridian and Bearings

Meridian Meridian is a reference direction with respect to which the direction of lines are mentioned. There are three types of meridian - True Meridian, Magnetic Meridian & Arbitrary Meridian 1 - True Meridian It is the reference...

Posted: July 22, 2011 By Azhar Shahzad Comments

Temporary and Permanent Adjustments of a...

What is an Adjustment? Adjustment of a theodolite means the operation of tightening or loosening of moveable parts to prepare the instrument for accurate measurement. It also includes other operations meant for this purpose. There are two types...

Posted: May 12, 2011 By Azhar Shahzad Comments

Booking and Reduction of Levels using Rise and...

Using Rise / Fall Method In this method booking is done in the following manner, B.S I.S F.S Rise Fall R.L Remarks 2.570 ...

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